In Burmese Days George Orwell vividly describes life in a British Essay

In Burmese Days George Orwell vividly describes life in a British overseas colony in the waning days of imperialism - Essay ExampleThough the Europeans do little work, they complain about the prick heat and the doable acceptance of the locals into their exclusively European club. An overwhelming majority of British holds themselves superior to the Burmese and feel they should rule over the less intelligent niggers. In the novel Elizabeth, the orphaned niece of Lackersteens, is surprised by Flory soft nature towards the locals. Elizabeth also learns from Mrs. Lackersteens that Flory keeps a native Mistress while she detests the locals and views them as beastly. The relationship mingled with the Europeans and the natives can be further described as discriminative. European men have intimate relationships with the natives, but the natives are strictly prohibited from marrying Europeans. A barbarian born of a native and a European is regarded as an outcast and denied a job by the gov ernment until they denounce their European blood (Orwell 98). gain cruelty between the native Burmese and the Europeans is shown when Maxwell, the acting Divisional forests officer shots a local rebel. Maxwell is brought back to the town dead a hardly a(prenominal) days after that. A tense situation occurs between the locals and the Europeans, and the situation deteriorates after Ellis launches a spiteful attack on the local native children. Ellis closing to punish the children instead of the culprits responsible for Maxwells death proves that the relationship between the natives and the Europeans is that of a slave to a master (Orwell 84). Though the British do not despise the Asians as much as they detest the local Burmese natives, the relationship between the two is not hospitable. The European community is passing against the acceptance of Dr. Veraswami an Asian into the exclusive European club. Based on Dr. Veraswamis thinking, the British also views their position as super ior to the Asians. Dr. Veraswami views his Asian kind as lesser humans compared to the Europeans (Orwell 59).This view can be presented as the same view possessed by the Europeans as majority of them are against acceptance of Dr. Veraswami into the both inclusive European club. Finally, Dr. Veraswami is demoted after the death of Flory, his only European supporter. U Po Kyin a corrupt magistrate plots the escape of a prisoner, causing a anarchy which is blamed on Dr. Veraswami. Magistrate U Po Kyin plans to deny the doctor a position in the European club and claim the membership instead as he feels a non European is not deserving of a position in the club. The Asians view the Europeans as superior, and the gulf between them is widely divided by race and classifications of the inhabitants of the small town. The race composition is divided into Europeans, Chinese, Asians and at last Burmese natives. In the story we find that Dr. Veraswami wants to be part of the exclusive European C lub although he doesnt plan to attend any of the sessions (Orwell 101). Dr. Veraswami only wants to be part of the club because of the social prestige and respect that is given to members of the European club, particularly because he would be the only Asian member of the club. Dr. Veraswami also views his kind as lesser human beings, stressing the fact that the Asians considered the Europeans superior. The British view their master(prenominal) mission as economic exploitation and colonization of the

Reasons for Investing in Malaysia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reasons for Investing in Malaysia - Essay ExampleIt has long coastlines on both peninsulas. 63.6% of the population is between the ages of 15-64 years. The currency is the ringgit whose value fluctuates seasonally at between 3.3 and 3.8 to the US dollar.Malaysia is a highly stable country. It takes on a Westminster egalitarian structure of governance with Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin as the ceremonial monarch and head of State. The Prime Minister Mohammed Najib bin Abdul Razak is the current prime minister and head of government. The post-mortem examination rises to power by virtue of leading the largest party in the lower House of Representatives. In the bicameral representation structure, there is an upper house consisting of 70 Dewan Negara (Senators) and (Dewan Rakyat) the lower house with 222 elected representatives. This structure has ensured stability and continuity.Before British rulers united it, Malaysia consisted of several autonomous states. The British joined them into t he Federation of Malaya later to be known as Malaysia. After independence in 1963, there was a brief period of armed conflicts, which came to an end after the renegade state of capital of Singapore was expelled from the federation. Since then, the country has been very stable.The majority of the population is made up of Malays with significant portions of Chinese and Indians. Malay is the official language while Islam is the official religion. However, Islamic legal philosophy is only applied to the Muslims in matters concerning family and religious issues such as divorce, custody, and inheritance only. (Zainal et al 1994)Another obvious advantage is that the level of bureaucracy in Malaysia, particularly when establishing a new business, is low and user-friendly. It takes about two or three licenses to invest depending on the nature of the intended business.Malaysia is classified as a forte developing country.

Suicide and Friend Essay Example for Free

Suicide and Friend EssayTeen self-annihilation is something we all know about some of us more than others. It is a horrible murderer that takes a expressive style our friends, brothers, sisters, cousinsand what does it leave behind? The sad memory and wonder of if we could have helped is all that lingers when it takes away the adepts close to us. only if two months ago, there was a girl that is known to most youngagers in Georgia. She was outgoing, friendly, helpful, sweet, hilarious, and seemed to light up a room. I never had the pleasure of actually comme il faut close to her. This girl and I maybe talked twice and she reminded me of myself.She was a bubbly girl, but behind the mask of happiness and a bouncy girl. was the face of a sad girl wanting help. Maybe thats why I could relate to her. I, too, was like that when wed talked. Just as I was reaching my jailbreak point, the girl reached hers. Rachel was her name. Shed attempted to take her life and, two weeks later, di ed on October 29th, 2009. Like all teen suicides, it affected everyone. Her parents were destroyed, her ex-boyfriend felt guilty to the point of which he wanted to die, her friends missed her and took their anger out on all the wrong people, and it resulted it horrible events.The reason I chose this topic of teen suicide isnt because it is the third leading cause of death for teens or because of mere stories of it. I chose this because not only do I know the facts, Ive personally experienced situations where I almost lost a friend and I did lose a girl that could have been like a sister to me. When teens want to die, almost zero will stop them . It may seem selfish to say, Live for me when they had to live through pain, but what they dont understand is the pain will pass. at that places an organization especially made for teaching the teenagers that theres something to live for.It is called, To Write Love On Her Arms. The name has its own layer behind it, as does the reasoning fo r the organization being founded, and its helped many teens escape the choking grip of suicide. A hotline I had used was an easy one to remember. It was 1-800-SUICIDE. The hotline gave me two operators and they personally helped me. My friend was considering suicide and this hotline helped him. Before you dump the idea, let me tell you about it. The friend was given the help he needed and talked down without being taken to the mental institute.Just because someone is suicidal, it doesnt mean theyre crazy. Think of this 27% of teens at one high school admitted to on the QT wanting to commit suicide and 8% of them did it. Thats proof that suicidal teens are not crazy teens. Why else would a teen commit suicide every 100 minutes? Does that mean that the domain is full of lunatics? No. It means that the world is full of teenagers with problems and no answers to them As some of you take teen suicide as a joke, others take it as a personal stab to the heart.Weve lost friends and family to this horrid killer, but there is only one way to stop it. We have to be understanding, yet helpful . Your friend may get mad if you try to help, but would you rather have the friend abhor you for a little while and be alive or have them love you and dead? As for those that are suicidal, dont think that the world will be better without you because it wont. In this world, you are one of a kind. Each and every one of us is unique. If youre gone, people exit miss you. It may seem to be the end to your problems, but its the beginning to others pain.

Farley, Mowat’s “Never cry wolf” Essay Example for Free

Farley, Mowats Never cry wolf EssayFarley, Mowats Never cry wolf, is a bulk based on the research of the lifestyle of wolves in the Arctic Circle. Mowat uses his experience to educate the party of the social ills conducted by the hunters towards the wolves. The book displays the risk that the wolf pack families front due to the hu part activities in the area. The title of the book acts as a symbol in file name extension to the story of the boy who cried wolf. The book thus enables the reader to think beyond the tile so as to form an opinion of the authors message. The book challenges the hu worldly concern communities who are in charge of the record around them. Humans tend to overstep their authority by infringing on the rights of the wolves. The analysis of the book educates the society of the inhumane activities that humans are inflicting on the animals.Different passages from the book Interpretation of the passage and meaning I was born and grew up in the farm and neer k newborn what it was to have all I wanted or needed as a teenager in the late 20s The author talks of his life as a child. He was exposed to animals at an early stage in life due to his parents lifestyle. This is a contributing factor to his get laid for animals. That night the inevitable happened. We were awakened by the most frightful uproar. It seemed to consist of furious barking of a dozen dogs mingled with the roaring of the menagerie of lions The passage elaborates the intensity of the nature that surrounds him. The conflict between the dogs and the lions displays the fight for power amongst the animals.Then there were the birds. That spring Angus had bought me a field guide and with its succor, I identified forty species that were new to me. The authors exposure to different bird species enabled him to identify with the different lifestyles that they had. Angus developed a love for all forms of wildlife which in turn do him aware of the plight that the animals had. My m ost cherished images of the mountain pastoral were not of the forbidding peaks but of the animals The author admits that he has a special place for the animals.The country has a number of natural resources that are fascinating to any visitor. Amongst all these features, he places priority on animals making them his favorite pastime. Although I would now cast such atrocities against some of the most beautiful creatures extant, I cannot honestly censor the boy who was for what he did then The author admits that his actions are reflective to that of other men. His interposition of the animals is not desirable initially. He learns how to appreciate all sorts of animals making him an advocate for their livelihood.The wolf is a savage, powerful killer. It is one of the most feared and hated animals known to man and with excellent reason Chapter 6, pg. 60.The passage showcases the dangers that the wolf portrays. Human beings often misinterpret the actions of the wolf due to its dangerou s nature. Despite the fact that the wolf continues to become extinct, it poses a threat to the human beings who live next to the packs. This makes the world undesirable by man.Evidence obtained by various Government agencies from hunters, trappers and traders seemed to prove that the plunge of the caribou toward defunctness was primarilyThe intervention by the government saw the danger that the wolves are exposed to. Human activities were mostly responsible for these dynamics making them the number on culprits. This also displayed possible extinction of the breed of wolves if authorities continued to ignore the circumstances.I had made my decision that, from this hour onward, I would go open-minded into the lupine world and lean to see and know the wolves, not for what they were supposed to be, but for what they actually are Chapter 7, pg. 77.Morwat made a personal decision to protect the wildlife from the impertinent environment. One of the steps he takes is orienting himself wi th the lives of the wolves. This involves learning about the exact nature of the wolves instead of forming an assumption about them. This in turn will help remove the ignorance that he had so as to improve societys awareness of the wolves.In conclusion, human beings are responsible for the surrounding environment. This involves observing the natural rubber of all animals in and outside the wild. This is however, not the case in that the number of wild animals continues to diminish due to the human activity. The wolves are one of the animals that continue to face the wrath of human beings. The analysis of the book is thus ideal for the education of the public. This in turn will improve the existing relationship between man and nature.

Nature of Knowledge Essay Example for Free

Nature of Knowledge EssayIn the study of knowledge we distinguish between knowledge by acquaintance, in issue to know nearlyone or know of something. Ability knowledge is for example to know how to swim or how to ride a bike. And, our main concern, propositional knowledge that is sentences or statements that can be either avowedly or false. To have knowledge one needs to have a belief and for this belief to be true. The pursual text volition show how true belief, level if it is justified in a rational way, does not suffice for knowledge. Take Nina, she is walking by some slot machines in the casino. She feels drawn to one of the machines, and believes it is her lucky day and that she will win because of the nice appealing colors on the slot machine. She places her bet, the wheels spin and take out up three lucky 7s, she wins and her belief turns out to be a true one. But while her belief being true, intuitively this do not suffice for knowledge, as it is easy to ascribe th is winning to pure chance.Even if different suppositions may justify Ninas belief in winning, it is inhering to think that what Nina lacks in this situation to have knowledge, is justification. And also for this justification to be strong enough for Nina to be a rational being in believe she will win, without need to turn to superstition or vagueness to explain her belief. But even if Nina where to have a justified true belief, which she formed in a rational way, it is easy to show that this neither suffice for knowledge.Say Nina is a con girl, she has tricked the manager of the slot machine manufacturer to give her a manual, video display all the results the machine can produce, together with a back-to-back number for each spin which is also displayed on the slot machine. So it is easy to imagine down in the manual what the next result will be. It is noon and Nina is now standing in front of the slot machine in the casino. She reads the serial number in the display and matches it in her manual.The next spin will line up three lucky 7s and win. She places her bet and spins the wheel. unbeknown(predicate) to Nina there was an error when printing the manual so all the numbers are mixed up, making the manual useless. And this day the casino owner celebrates his sixtieth birthday by letting all the machines go off program at noon and give every placed bet at that date the three lucky 7s line up. Ninas justified belief turned out to be true, but due to lucky and unlucky circumstances we do not ascribe knowledge to Nina in this situation.Nina was responsible and rational when forming her belief, considering she went the length to trick the boss to give her the manual to see which spins win. If her stopping point is to win at slots, she was responsible when gathering evidence and responsible and rational in believing her evidence.And even if this example showed that an agent with a justified true belief formed in a rational and responsible way, do not necessa rily have knowledge. It is easy to see that even if the agent lacks knowledge, she will often be successful in reaching her goals, because of the rational way she gains justification for her beliefs. Though it is not sufficient or may not even be necessary to have justified true beliefs when trying to grasp the nature of knowledge.BibliographyPritchard D. (2006) What is this thing called knowledge?, Routledge, Oxon

Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Gout and Lupus

Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Gout and LupusIntroductionGout is an acute inflammatory arthritis with the potency to fully destroy the integrity of the joint leadership to monstrous disability. It is termed as a true crystal dethronement disease caused by formation of single-channelsodium urate crystals in joints and other tissues. It is the common cause of inflammatory arthritis that has change magnitude in prevalence in recent decades (Roddy and Doherty 2010). Gout normally results from the interaction of genetic, constitutional and environ workforcetal risk factors. It is more common in men and strongly age related. Both acute arthritis and chronic arthropathy (tophaceous urarthritis) be considered under the rubric of gout (Mikuls and Saag 2006 Roddy et al. 2007). In a broader term, it can be defined as conspiracy of events involving an increase in the serum urate concentration, acute arthritic attacks with monosodium urate monohydrate crystals demonstrable in synovial flu id leukocytes, and tophi which usually occurs in and around joints of the extremities. These physio-chemical changes either occur respectively or in combination (Terkeltaub 2003 Shai et al. 2010). Gouty arthritis accounts for millions of outpatient visits annually and the prevalence is rising. It affects 1-2% of adults in developed countries, where it is the most common inflammatory arthritis in men. Epidemiological data are consistent with a rise in prevalence of gout. Rates of gout ca-ca venturely doubled between 1990 and 2010. A number of factors have been make up to influence rates of gout, including age, race, and the season of the year. In men over the age of 30 and women over the age of 50, prevalence is 2% (Eggebeen 2007).Anatomy and PathophysiologyGouty arthritis is oneness of the most painful rheumatic diseases and its incidence increases promptly with advancing age. In 75% of the patients, sick arthritis initially strikes a single joint which is most commonly the b ig toe. In women gout develop in increasing numbers after menopause eventually at an incidence rate equal to that of men (Hootman and Helmick 2006). In elderly patients, an occurrence of gout is usually less spectacular than in middle age and frequently implies an upper extremity poly or mono articular presentation rather than the classic mono articular lower extremity picture commonly displayed by middle-aged men. In older patients, gout can be more likely the clinical picture of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis (Cassetta and Gorevic 2004). Gouty arthritis can be classified into four stages depending upon take of severity namely (i) Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia In this stage, a person has elevated blood uric acerbic levels but no other symptoms and therefore requires no treatment. (ii) Acute Gouty Arthritis In this stage, hyperuricemia leads to deposition of uric acid crystals in joint spaces, leading to gouty attacks (iii) Interval / Intercritical This is the stage between acute gouty attacks with no symptoms and (iv) Chronic Tophaceous Gout where the disease leads to permanent harm (Bhansing et al. 2010).Pathogenesis of gouty arthritis is critically influenced by sodium urate crystals and inflammatory processes they induce (Wise and Agudelo 1996). An inefficient renal urate elimination which leads to the elevated levels of uric acid above the chroma point for urate crystal formation is a major determinant of the disease. Purine catabolism leads to the formation of metabolic by- harvesting, uric acid. In most mammals like higher primates, many birds and some reptiles, the urate oxidase (uricase) enzyme converts uric acid (relatively insoluble) to allantoin (highly soluble), leading to very low serum uric acid levels. A series of parallel mutations in the genes of uricase in the Miocene period results in the production of the dysfunctional form of uricase that leads to accumulation of relatively higher level of insoluble uric acid and subsequently th e development of gouty arthritis (Liote and Ea 2006 Eggebeen 2007). Degradation of purines results in the endogenous production of uric acid that usually contributes about two-thirds of the body urate pool, the remainder universe ascendantated by dietry intake. Of the uric acid formed daily, about 70% is excreted through the kidney while the rest is eliminated into the biliary tract and then converted to allantoin by colonic irrigation bacterial uricase. Therefore, in the vast majority gouty patients, hyperuricaemia occurs from reduced efficiency of renal urate clearance (Laubscher et al. 2009 Terkeltaub 2010).Development of the acute and chronic inflammatory gout is facilitated with the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints. while MSU crystals were first identified as the aetiological agent of gout in the eighteenth century and more recently as a danger signal released from dying cells, little is kn receive about the molecular mechanisms underlying MSU-induced i nflammation (Martinon et al. 2006). For crystal formation n occurrence of gout, the ionic product of sodium and uric acid must be at or above the saturation level at which MSU crystals can form. Uric acid is a weak acid of pKa 5.75 and, it exists mainly in the ionized form as urate at physiological pH of 7.40. MSU has limited solubility under physiological conditions and the saturation level in plasma at a pH of 7.40 is 6.8 mg/dl (408 mol/l) and when the plasma concentration exceeds this level, crystals may form in the joints and tissues (Terkeltaub 2010).MSU crystals preferentially form within cartilage and fibrous tissues, where they are relatively safer from contact with inflammatory mediators and may dwell for years without causing any defects. However, if shed from these sites of origin into the joint space or bursa, they are highly phlogistic particles that are immediately phagocytosed by monocytes and macrophages, stimulating the NALP3 inflammasome, triggering the release of IL-1 and other cytokines and a subsequent infiltration of neutrophils. hither the white cells release a package of inflammatory mediator substances which, in addition to destroying the crystals, also damage the surrounding tissues (Martinon et al. 2006). This acute inflammation defines the symptoms of an acute jiffy such as pain, swelling and redness and is typically self-limiting. Continual deposition of large numbers of MSU crystals may also heading out the joint damage through mechanical effects on cartilage and bone (pressure erosion), and probably low-grade inflammation. However, these more chronic crystal-tissue interactions still remain elusive and in consider of further investigations (VanItallie 2010).Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)IntroductionLupus is an autoimmune disease which leads to both acute and chronic inflammation of various tissues of the human body. Lupus can be classified into variant form depending upon the target tissues and organ system. Defined as Type III hypersensitivity reaction, people with lupus produce abnormal antibodies in their blood that target tissues within their own body rather than foreign infectious agents. Because the antibodies and accompanying cells of inflammation can affect tissues anywhere in the body, lupus has the potential to affect a variety of areas such as heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and nervous system. When internal organs are conglomerate, the condition is referred to as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The disease may be mild or severe and life-threatening (Wallace 2010).The prevalence of lupus ranges from approximately 40 cases per 100,000 persons among pairingern Europeans to more than 200 per 100,000 persons among blacks (Johnson et al. 1995). In the United States, the number of patients with lupus exceeds 250,000. The life expectancy of such patients has improved from an approximate 4-year survival rate of 50% in the 1950s to a 15-year survival rate of 80% today (Merrell and Shulman 1955 Abu-Shakra et al. 1995). Even so, a patient in whom lupus is diagnosed at 20 years of age still has a 1 in 6 chance of dying by 35 years of age, most often from lupus or infection. Later, myocardial infarction and stroke become important causes of decease (Cervera et al. 2003).Anatomy and PathophysiologySLE is an inflammatory and multi-systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by an uncontrolled auto-reactivity of B and T lymphocytes. This results in the production of auto antibodies (auto-Abs) against self-directed antigens and causes tissue destruction (Cuchacovich and Gedalia 2009). Pathogenesis of SLE is a multi-factorial event and the exact mechanism of disease development and emanation is still unclear. Multiple factors are known to be associated with the development of the disease such as genetic, racial, hormonal, and environmental factors.Defects in apoptosis are one of the proposed mechanisms involved in patho-physiological events of SLE. Imbalance in apoptotic machinery leads to the production of auto-antibodies. These antibodies lack the ability to differentiate between pathogenic and normal host cells and cause increase cell death and abnormalities in immune tolerance (Andrade et al. 2000 Rahman and Isenberg 2008). It is believed that all the major components of immune system are involved in SLE progression at various levels. mostly proteins present in cell nucleus are targeted by the immune system. The likely environmental triggers for SLE include ultraviolet light, drugs, and viruses. These stimuli cause the destruction of cells and waylay their DNA, histones, and other proteins, particularly parts of the cell nucleus. It is observed that in patients suffering from SLE, there is increased cell death in monocytes and keratinocytes and hyper expression of Fas protein by B and T cells of the immune system. Tingible body macrophages (TBMs) are large phagocytic cells present in the germinal centers of secondary lym ph nodes. They express CD68 protein. These cells normally engulf B cells which have undergone apoptosis after somatic hypermutation. In some patients with SLE, significantly fewer TBMs can be found, and these cells rarely contain material from apoptotic B cells. Also, uningested apoptotic nuclei can be found outside of TBMs. This material may present a threat to the tolerization of B cells and T cells (Gaipl et al. 2006).Monocytes isolated from whole blood of SLE sufferers show reduced expression of CD44 surface molecules involved in the uptake of apoptotic cells. Most of the monocytes and tingible body macrophages (TBM), which are found in the germinal centres of lymph nodes, even show a by all odds different morphology they are smaller or scarce and die earlier. Serum components like complement factors, CRP, and some glycoproteins are, furthermore, decisively important for an efficiently direct phagocytosis. With SLE, these components are often missing, diminished, or inefficien t.ReferencesAbu-Shakra M, Urowitz MB, Gladman DD, Gough J (1995) Mortality studies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Results from a single center. II. Predictor variables for mortality. J Rheumatol 221265-1270Andrade F, Casciola-Rosen L, Rosen A (2000) Apoptosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical implications. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 26215-227, vBhansing KJ, van Bon L, Janssen M, Radstake TR (2010) Gout a clinical syndrome illustrated and discussed. Neth J Med 68352-359Cassetta M, Gorevic PD (2004) lechatelierite arthritis. Gout and pseudogout in the geriatric patient. Geriatrics 5925-30 quiz 31Cervera R et al. (2003) Morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus during a 10-year period a comparison of early and late manifestations in a cohort of 1,000 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 82299-308 doi 10.1097/01.md.0000091181.93122.55Cuchacovich R, Gedalia A (2009) Pathophysiology and clinical spectrum of infections in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheum Dis Clin North A m 3575-93 doi S0889-857X(09)00004-0 pii10.1016/j.rdc.2009.03.003Eggebeen AT (2007) Gout an update. Am Fam Physician 76801-808Gaipl US et al. (2006) Clearance of apoptotic cells in human SLE. Curr Dir Autoimmun 9173-187 doi 10.1159/000090781 pii10.1159/000090781Hootman JM, Helmick CG (2006) Projections of US prevalence of arthritis and associated activity limitations. Arthritis Rheum 54226-229 doi 10.1002/art.21562Johnson AE, Gordon C, Palmer RG, Bacon PA (1995) The prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Birmingham, England. Relationship to ethnicity and country of birth. Arthritis Rheum 38551-558Laubscher T, Dumont Z, Regier L, Jensen B (2009) Taking the stress out of managing gout. Can Fam Physician 551209-1212 doi 55/12/1209 piiLiote F, Ea HK (2006) Gout update on some pathogenic and clinical aspects. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 32295-311, vi doi S0889-857X(06)00024-X pii10.1016/j.rdc.2006.03.001Martinon F, Petrilli V, Mayor A, Tardivel A, Tschopp J (2006) Gout-as sociated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome. Nature 440237-241 doi nature04516 pii10.1038/nature04516Merrell M, Shulman LE (1955) finis of prognosis in chronic disease, illustrated by systemic lupus erythematosus. J Chronic Dis 112-32Mikuls TR, Saag KG (2006) New insights into gout epidemiology. Curr Opin Rheumatol 18199-203 doi 10.1097/01.bor.0000209435.89720.7c00002281-200603000-00014 piiRahman A, Isenberg DA (2008) systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 358929-939 doi 358/9/929 pii10.1056/NEJMra071297Roddy E, Doherty M (2010) Gout. Epidemiology of gout. Arthritis Res Ther 12223 doi ar3199 pii10.1186/ar3199Roddy E, Zhang W, Doherty M (2007) The changing epidemiology of gout. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 3443-449 doi ncprheum0556 pii10.1038/ncprheum0556Shai A, Rimar D, Rozenbaum M, Wolfovitz E, Rosner I (2010) Gout in young migrant Filipino women in Israel a changing epidemiology. Case reports and review of the literature. Rheumatol Int 301685-1687 doi 10.1007/s002 96-009-1198-7Terkeltaub R (2010) Update on gout forward-looking therapeutic strategies and options. Nat Rev Rheumatol 630-38 doi nrrheum.2009.236 pii10.1038/nrrheum.2009.236Terkeltaub RA (2003) Gout. New England Journal of Medicine 3491647-1655 doi doi10.1056/NEJMcp030733VanItallie TB (2010) Gout epitome of painful arthritis. metabolic process 59 Suppl 1S32-36 doi S0026-0495(10)00229-5 pii10.1016/j.metabol.2010.07.009Wallace DJ (2010) Advances in drug therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus. BMC Med 877 doi 1741-7015-8-77 pii10.1186/1741-7015-8-77Wise CM, Agudelo CA (1996) Gouty arthritis and uric acid metabolism. Curr Opin Rheumatol 8248-254

Assessing Human Resource Management Within The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay

Assessing gentlemankind Resource Management Within The Hotel Industry Tourism attemptAn important part of all the organizations is military personnel Resource Management. Human resources passel be counted in wizard of the most valuable assets for a company. It is very incumbent that gentleman resource focus runs smoothly for the benefit of the organization.In order to gain competitive power for the hotel, human resource management is an elementary eject. Human resource management washstand be regarded as the foundation for the hotel to acquire competitive advantage.Honoring the employees through effective communication, training weapons platforms for the employees and benefit programs is what effective cordial reception management is all about.Human resource management and effective hospitality management is the corner st sensation of succeederful business in hospitality industry.The Human Resources Management (HRM) function takes a variety of activities, and key among t hem is deciding what catering unavoidably you have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the ruff employees, ensuring they atomic number 18 high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies.In todays quality-driven, empowered, hospitality fakeplace, practices that uphold greater employee performance must become integrated into the way a hotel, restaurant, resort, or any new(prenominal) form of hospitality process organization does business. acquire it right the first time (one of the sacred tenets of total quality management) can only be achieved in the hospitality industry through a motivated, empowered, and expert team. At times guest problems are not foreseen therefore, employees have to feel emp owered to correct a problem on the spot. In a service business, you cant have a rigid set of rules. It is possible to have guidelines, but citizenry must be allowed the freedom to key different definitions. A mature, well-trained hospitality team is fitting of making better quality closings than a single individual. The use of a team approach improves the overall quality of decision making, and the aim of commitment to the team becomes much higher.When team members share the process of problem solving and decision making, they are more likely to become owners of the organizations plans, and to do everything possible to transform the plans into reality. Collective wisdom is virtually always superior to individual wisdom.what are the provideing issues for hotels ?i m writing u the case moot which is have it. please give me a solution about staffing issues.The Courthouse Hotel is a outsize, privately owned establishment located in the centre of a immense city. Once the majo r hotel in the city, it has in recent social classs struggled to maintain profit margins in the face of competition from three new hotels operated by long-familiar national and international chains. The Courthouse maintains a three-star standard of service, competing primarily on the basis of cost. Its prices are therefore kept considerably lower than those counseld in the newer hotels, patch the range and quality of food and accommodation are also of a lower standard. The hotel has 150 bed meanss, a bar, a carvery style restaurant, and a function room which is used for private dinners and business meetings. in that respect are no large-scale banqueting facilities, no porters and no room service.While there are one or two part-time members of staff, 95% are employed on full-time permanent contracts. With the exception of a few senior tutors, administrators and night motioners, the staff go either early or late shifts (ie 6.30-3.30 or 3.00-11.00). Because the vast majority of the hotels guests are business people staying on week-nights, staff are ask to work only one weekend in every four.Three months ago a well-known businessman purchased the hotel with a number of interests in the city. He has decided to change the business strategy by moving the hotel up-market to a four star standard and offering a wider range of work. A major refurbishment is planned, together with the opening of a new banqueting suite, an la carte restaurant, a leisure club, a full portering service and extensive footle / room service operation. In staffing terms there is a need to improve the interpersonal skills of staff and to raise general standards of customer service by a substantial margin.The rationale for these beatments is the impending opening of a new convention center a short walk away from the hotel. From January next year it is expected that the volume of trade testament increase by 60 per cent, provided the Courthouse can raise its standards to those expected of a wealthier and more international clientele. The problem, from a people management perspective, is the likely erratic nature of business patterns once the convention centre opens. Periods of several weeks will go by with relatively little occurring in the centre, punctuated by shorter periods of frenetic activity when major conferences, exhibitions, concerts and sporting events take place.A more specific opportunity presents itself next summer, when as part of a crusade to publicise the citys new convention centre, the government has announced that it will be hosting a major intergovernmental conference in the city. For the duration of this event each hotel will house a particular delegation, with the Courthouse being allocated to the Germans. This means that the entire hotel will be taken over by the German Chancellor, other senior German politicians, advisers, civil servants and 75 accredited journalists for a week next summer. During that period there will be a heavy securit y operation in the hotel. It will also have to host several press conferences and a series of breakfast meetings at which the Chancellor will meet other dry land leaders. In addition, it will have to maintain a far higher standard of cuisine and service than it is accustomed to providing. If successful, a large amount of prescribed publicity can be guaranteed. If, on the other hand, the hotel conspicuously fails to provide the standard of service expected by a Government delegation, the ensuing proscribe publicity way will undermine the whole refurbishment strategy planned by the new owner.One of the most important departments of any hotel staff is human resources management. Proper human resources management can be the difference between a truly well run hotel and a poorly one hotel. The human resources manager can control almost the whole feeling and presence of the entire hotel. This makes the importance of human resources management for hotels very evident.There are several different areas in which human resources management is very important. One of these areas is for newly hired employees. The employees that are hired in a hotel can really alter the quality of service and the whole atmosphere of the hotel. This means that it is very important to pick upbeat, dedicated workers for each position. It is the meditate of the human resources manager to make sure that good people are chosen to work in the hotel. In many cases many hotel workers are only participating in hotel work because they can find nothing else to do. Not very many people have a dream of running or serving in a hotel environment. However, there are some people who do want to work in that capacity, and it is the job of the human resources manager to find those people.Retention of employees is another large problem in the hotel service business. Since so many of the employees do not have hotel work as their ending career goals, many of them only work in a hotel for a short amount of time . Other employees may have to be let go because of poor work ethics or other issues. However, there are ways that a hotel human resources manager can curb some of the desire and likelihood that employees will move to other jobs quickly. The importance of human resources management for hotels is very large in this area. Managers can provide good training and motivator programs that will cause employees to stay long-lasting at the hotel. Having a clear progression plan to advance to higher levels of service will also cause employees to stick around much longer.The issue of employee progression and promotion is also another large issue for the hotel industry. The importance of human resources management for hotels is proven in this area. Hotels which provide ways for employees to advance in position, or that provide training for employees so that they can gain skills necessary for an advanced position are very important to the retention rate of employees. It is late to use service s of this nature and the expense is negligible compared to the expense and time necessary to constantly find new employees to replace the ones that always leave presently after being hired. One of the easiest things to implement is English lessons. Many hotel employees do not speak English very well, and so it is a great incentive for them to stay working at a hotel if they are offered English lessons.The importance of human resources management for hotels is also important in the area of employee services. If the employees know they can come to the human resources manager whenever they have a problem or issue then it is easier for them to work in good conscience. Many human resources departments implement different games and activities to make the work environment more interesting and fun for employees. There are many different services that a human resources manager can think of to help employee morale. Maybe the hotel could implement a babysitting service, or have a park day eve ry year. These little services go a long way towards making happy employees. Happy employees make happy companies and happy customers.As you can see, the importance of human resources management for hotels is very great. There are thousands of ways that a human resources manager can make a hotel run more smoothly and more efficiently. There are many different areas that can benefit from the experience and guidance of a human resources manager. Therefore it is very important to not undermine the managers importance. Without the human resources manager a hotel is not the same or as pleasing to customers and employees.A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATIONThe project work entitled a STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION with special reference to Hyderabad Industries Ltd Thrissur is mainly conducted to identify the factors which will motivate the employees and the organizational functions in Hyderabad Industries Ltd, Thrissur. Managements basic job is the effective routine of human resources for achie vements of organizational objectives. The personnel management is concerned with organizing human resources in such a way to get maximum output to the enterprise and to come apart the talent of people at work to the fullest satisfaction. Motivation implies that one person, in organization context a manager, includes another, say an employee, to engage in action by ensuring that a channel to satisfy those needs and aspirations becomes available to the person. In addition to this, the strong needs in a direction that is satisfying to the latent needs in employees and harness them in a manner that would be functional for the organization. Employee motivation is one of the major issues faced by every organization. It is the major toil of every manager to motivate his subordinates or to create the will to work among the subordinates. It should also be remembered that a worker may be immensely capable of doing some work nothing can be achieved if he is not willing to work. A manager has to make appropriate use of motivation to enthuse the employees to follow them. Hence this studies also focusing on the employee motivation among the employees of Hyderabad Industries Ltd. The data needed for the study has been collected from the employees through questionnaires and through direct interviews. Analysis and interpretation has been through by using the statistical tools and datas are presented through tables and charts.2. What is a Motivation?Robbins and Judge (2007) explain that motivation is the process that account for an individuals intensity, direction and assiduity of effort toward attaining a goal (Robbins and Judge, 2007 p.186). However, this process has to be worked between the managers or supervisor of the business and its employees as the manager or supervisor is in charge of studying methods of encouraging employees to work hard and efficiently on a constant basis (Cited on Guerrier, 1999 p. 100). In addition, many motivation theories were developed during the fifties such as Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, Theories X and Y and the two factor theory but those would not be examined here as their validity has been indefinite (Cited on Robbins and Judge, 2007 p.186). On the other hand, the Expectancy theory will be carefully studied in order to understand why managers should focus more on providing to its employees reasons for putting effort into their work and therefore generate good work performance that could lead to rewards that areEmployee motivation in the workplaceThe job of a manager in the workplace is to get things done through employees. To do this the manager should be able to motivate employees. But thats easier said than done Motivation practice and theory are difficult subjects, touching on several disciplines.In spite of enormous research, basic as well as applied, the subject of motivation is not clearly understood and more often than not poorly practiced. To understand motivation one must understand human nature itself. And there lies the problemHuman nature can be very simple, yet very complex too. An understanding and appreciation of this is a essential to effective employee motivation in the workplace and therefore effective management and leadership.What Does it Mean to Lead?Leadership, as specialized by most dictionaries, means to go before, or with, to show the way to induce. Every organization needs a leader (and preferably several leaders) to show the way to others as the organization strives to define and achieve its goals.Whether these goals are entrepreneurial or humanitarian or both the leaders work is to instill a sense of purpose and passion to the work that the organization undertakes.Identifying, developing and sustaining leadership in your organization must be one of your strategic objectives. Without leaders at every level of your organization, your organization may well under-perform. It may miss strategic opportunities, stifle innovation, underutilize your employees, and fa ll short of its goals in customer service, quality, productivity, and profitability.Russell Consulting, Inc. can guide your organization in identifying and developing your leaders. We can help you develop the key competencies that will help develop and sustain leadership, but also sustain your companys long-term success.Leadership at every level make all of the difference as to whether your company will be around for the long haul. Invest in leadership today to sustain your success for tomorrow and beyond.The Core Competencies of LeadershipRCI has been developing leaders in its client organizations since 1987. We have designed and developed leadership programs that help define an ambitious role for leaders at every level and then build the competencies to fulfill this role.Some of the competencies that we have defined as core to the role of leaders includeDefining and Assessing Leadership CompetenciesWe can help your organization define what it seeks to develop in its leaders and th en design a customized leadership development program for you. Once we guide you in defining what leadership means in your company, we then conduct a 360 leadership assessment (of these core competencies) to provide a baseline measure of each leaders effectiveness.Developing leadership at every level of your organization helps sustain your long-term success. When you work with us to develop your leadership, we help you grow your leadership at every level through customized training programs and guide your leaders in applying what they are learning to real issues and challenges veneer your organization.