African American Cultural Assessment Essay

Abstract In order to provide culturally appropriate care, an examination of one’s personal views, beliefs, and prejudices must be examined. The first portion of this paper will examine my personal values, beliefs, biases, and prejudices. The remaining paper will analyze the African American culture relating to the Ginger and Davidhizar’s Transcultural Assessment Model cited in Hood (2010). This model uses six key cultural elements that include communication, space, social organization, time, environment, and biological variations. This model provides a systematic approach for assessing culturally diverse clients. I will also discuss an aspect of care that I would advocate a change in my clinical practice for the African American population. Cultural Self-Assessment Culture is one of the most basic elements that makes up the identity and personality of each individual. Every individual has their own culture rooted from the community they lived in and the family they grew up making up the personal identity people have in the general society Personal views, aspects of reasoning and judgment and the general logical thinking of an individual are affected significantly by the culture he or she has. In this aspect, the entire well-being of a person depends greatly on his or her culture. Becoming aware of how your actions and cultural beliefs affect the patients that you deal with is important. Thus, a person must regularly assess himself because an action or a mere word done or spoken by a nurse can be misunderstood by these patients coming from different cultures Being an American born and lived all my life in New Bedford, Massachusetts, culture has really affected me as a person. My mother and grandparents were born in Portugal and this gave me a variety of culture since we all know that New Bedford is a melting pot of cultures. Portugal possesses rich cultural inheritance from European, African, and North American cultures. Aside from that, mainly Portuguese and Hispanic people populate the community where I live in. These further made me grow as an individual that is rich in cultural inheritance. I am a person who has a Portuguese lineage, since my grandparents were natives of Portugal and a person who grew up in a community wherein Portuguese people mainly inhabits the land. Having an ethnic identity as a Portuguese American who acquiring the Portuguese cultures and practices surrounding me molded me as to who I am now. This ethnic affiliation will always be a part of me, my friends, and my family. Each cultural belief that I introjected within has already affected how my mentality works, and how my feelings reacts. Family and friends have always served as my fortress in time of trials and difficulty. They remain as my comfort zone whenever I feel so down. They are the main support people in my life from which I extract my energy from. Adopting this belief from my parents and from the community I live in is one of the proofs that the culture of the people around me had affected me well. Living with people who provide high regards to friends and families will make you have the similar perspective too. My culture does not affect much my preferences with medical treatments. In line with this, being an independent person, the decisions for my health mainly comes from me since I am the owner of this body. My family and friends will surely voice out their concerns, but it does not mean that I have to follow them, I might consider it but what would really matter will be my decision for my own health. As of what I have observed in my family, especially among my grandparents, the family is mainly a patriarch form of family. Decisions mainly depend on my grandfather since he is the father and the man in the family. Especially among Portuguese, it was noted that people in Portugal gives higher regards to male than to female. They still have this belief that a woman shall always be better than woman. However, in my case, growing as an American with a Portuguese lineage, things were far more different. I grew up having giving importance to democracy and equality. Voices of the female are now more heard, and I think male and female are both equal. This is because I think they have equal abilities, as well as, equal rights. Living in a community filled with Portuguese people made me learn English and Portuguese. Aside from that, my grandparents required me to learn those languages too, especially Portuguese which is their main language in their main land. However, the primary language that I utilize in everyday conversation is English and the secondary language that I know is Portuguese. However, most of the time, I am comfortable with non-verbal forms of communication, especially doing hand gestures. I am more expressive with this form of communication because I think it can bring many messages to the people that I interact with. With a mere wave of a hand, it can show joy, respect, accommodation, or even comfort to those people you interact with. Being a Roman Catholic is very importance to my daily life because this gives me support, comfort, and security whenever difficult situations occur. This belief helps me to cope with the trials I face by knowing that there is a supreme being up there that is in control of everything. That the God whom I know as my Father, my King, and my Savior loves me so much and will never forsake me whatever happens. Daily life gives us opportunities to grow with our spiritual relationship with God by walking each day with him, and applying his will and commandments in everything that we do. Foods are one of the things that I truly enjoy. I do not have any prohibitions whenever it comes to food. I know how to eat a variety of foods. I do not have any food allergies that might prohibit me from eating other foods. As long as it is clean and digestible, I can definitely give it a shot. Currently, I am in a relationship with my boyfriend of eight years who is interracial himself. My work provides me career growth and financial security that I definitely need to support myself. I have no issues with the job that I have right now, since it suffices the finances that I have. Nevertheless, of course, like anyone else, an opportunity for greener pastures will be much appreciated and entertained when it comes. Being a nurse, I am aware of all the possible medical treatments that can be done to each person experiencing illness. Even though I know how much these practices could help me survive various predicaments in health, I still prefer not to undergo through some of it in case I will encounter them in my life one day. I do not have problems taking medications and intravenous lines; however, I really do not want to be intubated at end of life decisions. I know how awful it seems, and how difficult is it having a tube being attached to me. I also do not want to live on life support because I think that such modalities only prolongs the agony that you feel. It has been my personal belief ever since that when the time comes that God wants to take the life He has given me, nothing can prevent that. As a Catholic, I believe that birth is a gift of life from God. Thus, I definitely go against with abortion, which kills an innocent child’s life. With regards to death, I believe that after death, the soul goes to purgatory, and God will judge you whether you will go to heaven or to hell. However, with regards to miracles and afterlife, I do not think that these are rational. As a person, I give high regard to a person’s hope. I believe that hope is essential for a person to live the life we have, and to fight the everyday battles that we face. Without hope in our lives, we lose the chance of living and enjoying the life we received from God. Instead, we become a living corpse, a person who is literally living physically yet the inside of the heart is as cold as a corpse, because he has no hope and no joy for anything. Cultural Assessment and Analysis Paper on African American Population The population that interested me to do additional research is African American population. The total population including all races and ethnicities in the United States is 308 million. After researching on the U. S. Census Bureau, I found 39 million African Americans live in the United States. One of the most glaring disparities is apparent in the African. American community, where 48% of adults suffer from a chronic disease compared to 39% of the general population (Health Reform, 2009). The CDC states that in 2004, African Americans had the highest age-adjusted all-causes death rate of all races/ethnicities (CDC, 2008). African Americans have become susceptible to many diseases and health problems throughout the last number of years. The male and female citizens of the African American population have been struggling with high rates of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer rates, stroke, diabetes, asthma and HIV/AIDS just to name a few. African Americans have numerous health risks as well such as; higher incidence of homicide, lower physical activity levels, obesity, cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, incarceration, unintended pregnancy, and untreated dental carries (Hood, 2010). Despite remarkable improvements in the overall health of our nation during the past couple of decades, compelling evidence suggests that our nation’s racial and ethical minority African Americans suffer increasing disparities in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases and adverse health outcomes compared with white Americans (Copeland, 2005). The predominant barriers to accessible health care services for African Americans include inability to pay for services, lack of transportation and childcare, decrease understanding of treatment plans and inability to incorporate prescribed health plans into daily living patterns (Russell & Jewell, 1992). Furthermore, the African American population’s cultural beliefs and health practices have a significant impact upon their well-being regardless of their educational levels and income. Therefore, these health beliefs and practices affect utilization of contemporary health-care service delivery systems even when other barriers have been eliminated. Differences in health beliefs and practices can be observed among African Americans in varying age groups, socioeconomic levels, and geographic locales. The commonalities include religious orientation, social support networks, and inform health care systems (Russell & Jewell, 1992). Religion is a focal point within the lives of African Americans. Many African Americans characterize health as a continuum evolving around mind, body, and spirit. African Americans also have large support systems including nuclear and extended families. They would rather rely on someone who may not be related by blood or marriage than to receive help from community agencies. Informal health care systems within the African Americans community often are consulted. A study showed that African Americans used an informal social network rather than receiving professional health care. Instead of consulting appropriate personnel, they are consulting family members and friends in regards to their personal health problems. This could be a factor in why the health disparities in this particular population are greater than any other race or ethnicity. The Ginger and Davidhizar’s Transcultural Assessment Model focuses on cultural elements. The model includes six cultural phenomena: communication, time, space, social organization, environmental control, and biological variations. These provide a framework for patient assessment and from which culturally sensitive care can be designed. In the following paragraphs, I will begin to talk about each key element and how it corresponds to the African American population. Communication is meaningful because of the culture that frames it, and culture must be expressed to exist. Communication is seen as a problematic part of cultural affiliation and not as caused or predicted by affiliation. Miscommunication is a frequent problem in hospitals. The most obvious is when the patient and hospital staff does not speak the same language. Although the dominant language spoken among African Americans is English, there is a way of speaking among some African Americans that sociolinguists refer to as African American English (AAE) (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). These terms include Black English, Ebonics, Black Vernacular English (BEV), and African American Vernacular English (AAVE) (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). They also prefer the use of nonverbal communication. Therefore, as nurses we should be able to provide care to African Americans without there being a language barrier present. In addition, a head nod does not necessarily mean agreement and when asked personal questions on initial contact with a person it may be viewed in their eyes as intrusive. Space refers to the distance between individuals when they interact. All communication occurs in the context of space. There are four distinct zones of interpersonal space: intimate, personal, social and consultative, and public. Research on use of space among African Americans is mixed. Some studies indicate that, in race-matched pairs, black children will stand closer to each other during conversation than white children do. Other research has shown that African American adults employ a greater public distance from each other than compared when interacting with family and friends. They also prefer close personal space and touching another’s hair is considered improper. African Americans tend to be late for appointments because relationships and events may be deemed more important than being on time. Social organization refers to the manner in which a cultural group organizes itself around the family group. Family structure and organization, religious values and beliefs, and role assignments may all relate to ethnicity and culture. African American’s have many female single-parent families. They are also known for large extended families, in which elders are respected. There preferred religion is Protestant (Baptist), majority of African Americans have a strong church and social affiliations. In 2005, the National Institutes of Health urged African Americans to use family reunions as venues for discussions about diabetes and kidney disease—diseases that disproportionately affect this group (McCoy, 2011). Time is an important aspect of interpersonal communication. Time orientation varies according to age, socioeconomics, and subgroups and may include past, present, or future orientation. Preventive health care requires some future time orientation because preventive actions are motivated by a future reward. African Americans time orientation is present over future. Environmental control refers to the ability of the person to control nature and to plan and direct factors in the environment that affect them. African Americans have traditional health and illness beliefs. They also are known to use folk medicine; the folk healers are root workers. Some African Americans, particularly of Haitian background, may believe in sympathetic magic. Sympathetic magic assumes everything is interconnected and includes the practice of imitative and contagious magic. Contagious magic entails the belief that once an entity is physically connected to another, it can never be separated. This type of belief is seen in the practice of voodoo, when an individual will take a piece of the victim’s hair or fingernail and place a hex, which they believe will cause the person to become ill (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). To African Americans God is thought to be the spiritual healer. Biological differences, especially genetic variations, exist between individuals in different racial groups. Although there is as much diversity within cultural and racial groups as there is across and among cultural and racial groups, knowledge of general baseline data relative to the specific cultural group is an excellent starting point to provide culturally appropriate care. Nutritional preferences for African Americans include fried foods, and among pregnant women pica ingestion. African Americans are susceptible to many health conditions such as; keloid formation, lactose intolerance, sickle cell anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, thalassemia, sarcoidosis, hypertension, coccidioidomycosis, esophagus and stomach cancers. African Americans are at greater risk for many diseases, especially those associated with low income, stressful life conditions, lack of access to primary health care, and negating health behaviors (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). The greatest risk factor for cardiovascular disease and heart attacks amongst African Americans is hypertension. Compared with hypertension in other ethnic groups, hypertension among African Americans is more severe, more resistant to treatment, and begins at a younger age, and the consequence is significantly worse, including organ damage (Brewster, Van Montfrans, & Kleijnen, 2004). African Americans also have an overall higher cancer incidence and mortality rate than any other race African Americans suffer from certain genetic conditions. Sickle cell disease is the most common genetic disorder among the African-American population, affecting one in every 500 African Americans. In addition to sickle cell disease, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, which interferes with glucose metabolism, is another genetic disease found among African Americans (Caminha-Bacote, 2009). African Americans also metabolized certain drugs differently such as immunosuppressants, antihypertensive, cardiovascular, antiretroviral, psychotropic drugs. After reading through several articles and journals regarding African Americans there are many areas that I would advocate for change but if I had to choose just one, I would pick HIV/AIDS. Many African-Americans are at high risk for HIV infection, not because of their race or ethnicity, but because of the behaviors, they may engage in. As with other ethnic/racial groups, HIV risk depends not on who you are, but on whether you engage in risk-taking behaviors with an HIV positive partner, and whether you have access to care, education and prevention services. The greater number of people living with HIV in African American communities and the fact that African Americans tend to have sex with partners of the same race/ethnicity means that they face greater risk of HIV infection with each new sexual encounter (CDC, 2011). Lack of awareness of HIV status can affect HIV rates in communities. Late diagnosis of HIV infection is common, which creates missed opportunities to obtain early medical care and prevention of transmission to others (CDC, 2011). This disease/illness can be prevented if maximizing the effectiveness of current HIV prevention methods. Implementing programs that teach individuals how to get tested for HIV and prevent the spread of the infection to others. The CDC has set up numerous activities within the communities to address prevention and spread of HIV. For example, The Act against AIDS campaign encourages African American women to get tested for HIV. In 2010, the CDC also began an Expanded Testing Initiative (ETI) for individuals to be tested for HIV. Even though there are multiple resources available to the African American population, I believe stigma, fear, and discrimination are a risk factor in which why they are afraid to be tested. Working in a hospital facility for almost over a year already, I have only been across two individuals who were tested for HIV/AIDS. After learning so much about African Americans and their numerous health disparities this particular infection, can be prevented. It amazes me that in 2009, black men accounted for 70% of the estimated new HIV infections among all blacks. By the end of 2008, an estimated 240,627 blacks with an AIDS diagnosis had died in the U. S. (CDC, 2011). After researching African Americans this particular race/ethnicity bares the most health disparities of all. A major aspect is the quality of the relationship with a health care provider, which is linked to patient satisfaction, adherence, and health outcomes. If African Americans feel that their provider has been, disrespectful they may not return for treatment, may try another provider, or may change their health care plans. This may be an enormous reason why the health disparities are the way they are in African Americans. Success in eliminating disparities in health care access and utilization requires all professionals to critically examine their own biases and to adopt the values and behaviors needed for social change. References Brewster, L. , Van Montfrans, G. , & Kleijnen, J. (2004). Systematic review: Antihypertensive drug therapy in Black patients. Annals of Internal Medicine, 14(18), 614-627. Campinha-Bacote, J. (2009). Culture and Diversity Issues: A Culturally Competent Model of Care for African Americans. Urologic Nursing, 29(1), 49-54. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). Highlights in Minority Health & Health Disparities. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/omhd/Highlights/2008/HFeb08. htm Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). HIV among African Americans. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/hiv/topics/aa/PDF/aa. pdf Copeland, V. C. (2005). African Americans: Disparities in Health Care Access and Utilization. National Association of Social Workers, 30(3), 265-270. Health Reform. (2009). Health Disparities: A Case for Closing the Gap. Retrieved from http://www. healthreform. gov/reports/healthdisparities/ Hood, L. , Leddy, S. (2010) Conceptual Bases of Professional Nursing (7ed. ) Philadelphia: Lippincott William & Wilkins. McCoy, R. (2011). African American Elders, Cultural Traditions, and the Family Reunion. Generations-Journal of the American Society on Aging, 35(3), 16-21. Russel, K. , Jewell, N. (1992). Cultural Impact of Health-Care Access: Challenges for Improving the Health of African Americans. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 9(3), 161-169. U. S. Census Bureau. (2010). County Business Patterns and Demographics. Retrieved from http://www. census. gov/cbdmap/.

Macroeconomic measures

Organization’s data is vital and has to be protected. This data should have relation with macroeconomic measures for success and effectiveness of the organization. Macroeconomic measures are closely coordinated with organization data for the organization to flourish. This coordination should comprise of efforts in stabilizing exchange rates and leading ultimately. Not only in organization data where microeconomic measures have an impact but also in economy as a whole in changes like unemployment, rate of growth, national income, price levels, gross domestic products and inflation.Using macroeconomic measures organization data helps in determining how well the organization is satisfying its customers. Management is in a position to determine how close organization’s target is. The organization is in a position to track its accomplishment. Through macroeconomic measures and organization’s data, it is possible recognize when an improvement is required and tracking u se of resources and how effectively they are used is possible. Organization’s data with help of macroeconomics measures offer information that supports improvement efforts (Greenwald, 1982, p. 73).Business cycles affect the performances of big drive auto by improving it and making it more effective. If big drive auto applies business cycle in time, it improves its performance. Hiring of counter cycling during recession it helps in increasing market share for big drive auto and it establishes its brand identity. It also helps in building high quality work force, lowers costs and if big drive auto cuts production and inventories then there is anticipation for recession that may cut costs relative to their competitors.Business cycle affects performance of big drive auto by radically re-designing the organization’s procedures and structure. Business cycle allows inclusion of economy-wide measures of performance offering benchmark to performance of big drive auto (Bromiley, et. al, 2008, p. 208). List of References Bromiley, P. et. al, (2008), â€Å"strategic business cycle management and organizational performance: a great unexplored research stream,† strategic organization, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 207-209 Greenwald, D. (1982), Encyclopedia of economics, California: McGraw-Hill

Human Evolution And The Human Race Essay - 1126 Words

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What Makes An Athlete Successful Essay - 1360 Words

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Parenting Styles, Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive...

Parenting style has a big impact on how children develop into adults, and there are important implications for their future success. (Ronald Riggio, 2014) How a parent treated their child will follow the child for the rest of its life. Different parenting styles and their punishments that follow can affect the child mentally (psychological disorders) and physically (obesity). While we all know some forms of punishment is uncalled for such as persistence spanking is not typically just punishment but rather abuse. In my future career, I should know all the different styles of parenting and what kind of punishments they undertake, and how I can prevent further accidents. There are four different parenting styles, authoritarian, authoritative, permissive and uninvolved. In authoritarian parenting children should follow by strict and periodically unfair rules made by the parents. Authoritarian parents refuse talk or explain to their children why they ought to follow the rules or even why they have rules. These types of parents expect their children to be obedient and follow everything they say. While permissive parents do not expect their children to behave, they have prime communication with their children but they tend to be on the order of a friend than a parent to the child. Uninvolved parents do not care what their child does, they give no rules to the child and talk to the child is off limits. These parents are regularly not involved in their child’s life. AuthoritativeShow MoreRelatedParenting Styles : Authoritarian, Permissive, Uninvolved, And Authoritative982 Words   |  4 PagesGood parenting is essential for a child’s educati onal and behavioral success and is a stressed trait throughout the world; however, in different cultures, good parenting can be defined and measured in many contrasting ways. In the United States, parenting and discipline methods have become controversial in the past fifty years, and the methods for raising children have drastically changed in some households. According to psychologist Diana Baumrind, there are four different parenting styles: authoritarianRead MoreParenting Styles: Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive, and Uninvolved879 Words   |  4 Pagesworldwide parenting skills are essential to maintain a healthy society. Parenting involves many aspects and requires many skills. It is a time to nurture, instruct, and correct in order to develop fundamental skills children will need to be mature, responsible, and contributing adults to a society. There are four commonly identified parenting styles; authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting. Of the four parenting styles, two remain on opposite ends of the parenting spectrumRead MoreDifferent Parenting Styles, Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, And Uninvolved Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay explores the four different types of parenting styles, authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved. The exploration of each parenting s tyle is examined, and the outcomes of each parenting style for the child is learned. Each parenting style has positives and negatives, but overall this essay informs the reader about which parenting style is best linked to success in their child’s education. Information for this essay has been gathered from three sources, the sources beingRead MoreParenting Styles And Its Effect On Children Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagesthat parenting styles and their effectiveness vary. In research, parenting styles have been split into four categories the authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and the uninvolved. Within these categories, researches have attempted to map the effectiveness of parenting styles and the positive and negative outcomes of each. Despite the eclectic and commonly erratic nature of family structures, practices, and norms, we can start to break apart the authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolvedRead MoreAnalysis of Differing Parenting Styles796 W ords   |  3 Pagesthree main styles of parenting widely accepted in the field of Psychology, which are authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative. A fourth style, uninvolved/neglectful, is also being more widely recognized. The likes of Erickson and Baumrind have long since contributed to research efforts on the effects of parenting styles on child development. With numerous factors influencing both the parents and the child’s response to the parenting style is can be difficult to assess the best style for an optimalRead MoreParenting Styles Have Impact On Society1096 Words   |  5 PagesParenting styles have had an impact on society for centuries. The way caregivers bring up the children they are responsible for, paves the way to their future and personality. Children are continuously interpreting the things that their caregivers do. Including messages, body language, conversations, actions and the different styles of parenting. Various parenting styles continue to reflect the different patterns in parental behaviours. These are influenced in their family environments in which bothRead MoreParenting Styles And Styles Of Parenting1391 Words   |  6 Pages Parenting Styles My term paper will discuss the 4 Styles of Parenting, including; the styles of parenting that we as single parents and couple parents may identify with. My paper will also discuss how each parenting styles impacts our children, if it works and the style of parenting that’s most effective. Authoritative Parenting Style The Authoritative Style of Parenting, children are expected to follow the rules and guidelines that a parent with this style of parenting has put into place. ThisRead MoreDiana Baumrind s Effect Of Parenting Styles On Children Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesDiana Baumrind’s effect of parenting styles on children Baumrind was born into a Jewish community in the New York’s Jewish enclaves. She was the first two daughters of Hyman and Mollie Blumberg. Diana, the eldest in an extended family of female cousins, inherited the role of eldest son, which allowed her to participate in serious conversations about philosophy, ethics, literature, and politics. She completed her B.A. in Psychology and Philosophy at Hunter College in 1948, and her M.A. and Ph.D. inRead MoreChild Development Is An Inevitable Process For All Children1033 Words   |  5 Pagessame time. Child development is contingent on (but not solely) the way in which a parent decides to raise his/her child. A parent can decide to raise a child using one of the following parenting style techniques: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive-indulgent and permissive-uninvolved. With the four parenting style techniques aforementioned, a parent has the power to impact the process of child development. Child development is an inevitable process for all children. A â€Å"successful† child is determinedRead MoreEssay on An Effective Parenting Style993 Words   |  4 PagesWikipedia, â€Å"Parenting style is a psychological construct representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing.† As parents use the technique to raise their children, they also shaped their value and personality. â€Å"Parenting style considers the balance between two aspects of parenting, namely, control, and warmth† (Ginsburg, Durbin, Garcias-Espana, Kalicka, and Winston, p. 1041). The most commonly heard parenting styles are authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved. Authoritative

Marketing Strategies for the Tata Motors †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Strategies for the Tata Motors. Answer: Introduction The following paper discussed upon themarketing strategies for the Tata Motors as they are gearing up to bring in a new model for increasing their market shares (Tatamotors.com 2017). It has been observed that their market shares had been dropped to a huge level because they were not being able to bring out the new products under their belt. Similarly, they were not being able to enter into different target markets either. This had reduced their credibility to a whole new level. These things had been a prime concern for them over the past few years. There have been certain needs for them to get into the new markets to develop their market shares. The scenario has turned out such that the organization had been running in loss as their market share had dropped down to 6% in 2013/14 while the figures were relatively higher in the previous years, 9% in 2012/13 and 11% in 2011/12 (Tatamotors.com 2017). This situation requires them to enter into new markets and segment new target markets. Their new launch Zest Sedan could be able to do that trick for them because they are a strong force to reckon with as their brand reputation has been very trustworthy to the customers. New market entry It is relatively important for the organization Tata Motors to enter a new market because they have a fair amount of reputation in the other markets that they deal in. They have launched some new cars in the market that will; cater to a totally new group of target people. The two new cars that they will be launching in this case are Bolt i.e. considered to be the new hatchback and Zest Sedan which is also a complete sedan in the market (Tatamotors.com 2017). It will be a completely new car with lots of new designs and facilities. Through the launching of this new car, they will be entering into the petrol segment of the cars. Tata Motors have realized that petrol segment is one segment that occupies the 50% of the market shares. This segment is not managed by them nor do they operate in that. So, these intentions to enter into this market segment of petrol run cars, they want to expose a new target market for themselves. The people who are much fond of driving petrol run cars are much wealthy because petrol is much costly than diesel. The intention of the Zest Sedan manufacturers is to increase their market share and touch a huge profit margin (Howes, Skea and Whelan 2013). Marketing strategies Some of the marketing strategies that they have applied in this context to increase their dealer stores that will cater to supply more products as per the requirements of the customers. The more will be the number of dealer stores, the more can they supply some new cars to their customers. They are trying to open the new outlets as well as renovating the old ones. This adds to the fact that they have to produce a huge number of cars for their customers (Ferrell and Hartline 2012). The company has taken up some overhaul plans that will help them to get more customers by means of giving their dealer outlets a new identity along with a innovative new brand image. They will be trying to be more customer friendly towards their customers that will be very helpful to build the faith of the customers on them. They are targeting to hire at least 3000 new people will be employed by the authority. This will make them stronger in the market competition (Cheng, Man and Yi 2013). Discussing the alternative target markets for Zest Sedan The current and opted target market for the Zest Sedan will be the young working professionals who will be enjoying the service facilities of the new car. The different strategies that the tata Motors have selected to opt for are advertising strategy, promotional strategy and brand positioning strategy. Brand positioning is one of the most important strategies that is regarded to cater to define the brand of a product or a company (Sirianni et al. 2013). The most effective target market that Zest Sedan considered to be their target market was the middle class and upper middle class business professionals. They have put a very strong emphasis on themarketing research aspects and Tata Motors had done a thorough research on which markets can be targeted. This marketing has been done to address the demographic, psychographic and other aspects regarding the brand awareness for Zest Sedan (Simms and Gretzel 2013). Tata Motors has implemented the promotional strategies in new ways since the promotional strategies have to be innovative and it is a way to attract the customers in favor of their target consumers (Johnson et al. 2013). They will launch fantastic innovative campaigns to attract the attention of their potential customers who are the middle class and upper middle class customers. Advertising is a very significant aspect of the promotion of a product. This is also important to build a proper brand reputation (Aaker and Biel 2013). The launching of new car will need a proper brand advertising strategy that will provide support to their advertising campaign. The various ways in which Tata Zest will be advertising for their products like televisions, Radio and print advertisements, mobile promotions, online marketing, Point-of-sale strategy and other things like the outdoor promotions as well. The main aim for Tata Motors is to build up the brand image for them and a proper corporate ima (Vanhamme et al. 2012). The emphasis will be put by Tata Motors to the various aspects of its other cars like its fuel efficiency, spacious looks and mileage. The target market that can be recommended is of the middle class and upper middle class families as well as the young married couples because a research study revealed that these two kinds of target market have an affinity to buy the new sedans within the price range of 5 lakhs to 8 lakh. The new Tata Zest Sedan could fit into this requirement of those target markets. This could be the first choice for those target customers (Solomon 2014). Alternative ways of defining the population for the research study on Zest Sedan In order to understand the different ways to define the target population, it is of utmost importance various ways of understanding the target population that are demographics, psychographics, location and availability of the benefits of the benefits and uses (Wedel and Kamakura 2012). Demographic traits The demographic traits are the intrinsic identity attributes for the for the target population. These facts are age, gender, income levels, socio-economic background and others (Wedel and Kamakura 2012). Psychographic traits The psychographic traits mean the lifestyle choices that Tata Motors could target according to their potential customers. These traits include the various activities such as hobbies, interests and the ethical values. Tata Motors will be implementing their market plan by reflecting on the lifestyle choices of their target markets (Wedel and Kamakura 2012). The consumer perspectives regarding the benefits and uses that Tata Zest can afford towards their customers are to determine their target population attributes. The way to define the location for the target market is a very important aspect for understanding the attributes of the target market (Wedel and Kamakura 2012). Tata Motors will be looking to focus more on the psychographic traits to make their marketing plan. However, the target population that could be made as an alternative option is the demographic traits. This will help Tata Motors to put more focus on selling the cars to the middle and upper middle class business professionals and the young married couples. Alternative ways to define the Sampling Frame for research on Zest Sedan A sampling frame is considered to be the source for the material from where the sample has been taken. This is the list that includes everyone within the target population. This list can include the individuals, households and the establishments as well (Ishak and Bakar 2014). A perfect sampling farme can contain the traits such as numerical and rational quantifying qualities; the organizational frame has to be rational in most of the ways, methodology, the frame should have added knowledge regarding the units that allows utilizing more advanced sampling frames, and the components including the target population can be available within the sampling frame itself. The sampling frame that can be considered as the most perfect one is the list of factors about the target population that has the best information available (Ishak and Bakar 2014). An example of sampling frame can be given as that of the employment records, patient records in medical institutions, listed databases in the orga nizations and some others as well. Some sampling frames also just listed the clusters. Tata Motors could be targeting to implement the direct kind of sampling frame but they can also use the clusters as a recommended way for sampling frames. This sampling frame can also offer certain benefits for Tata Motors. This can include their target markets like the young married couples and the middle class and upper middle class business professionals because they have been visiting the showrooms of the car manufacturers including Tata Motors for the ideal car within their price range (Jahanshani et al. 2014). This sampling frame will be a useful one because this will not need to store the data in their database for all the population units. This will be counted on the basis of the smaller clusters. Alternative ways to define the Sampling Approach for research on Zest Sedan The two sampling approaches that can be considered as an effective one are either random sampling or stratified sampling (Robinson 2014). Random sampling can be considered as the one that is set on the statistical formats. There are no biases involved in the random sampling approach. If the sample traits distract from the population traits, it can be considered as a matter of preference. (Lin, Tang and Yao 2013). The stratified sampling approach is looked upon as the one on which probability is the main thing. This can be considered as reproducing the population in the smaller version. Before sampling, the population division has to be made for genuine research. After this, the random sampling is the most evident thing for population of every stratum. Tata Motors will be looking to apply the random sampling approach whereas the recommended way for sampling approach is the stratified sampling approach. The reason for that is stratified approach will be offering various benefits over the random sampling approach. This approach always saves the money as it focuses upon smaller groups of people. Reasons why the earlier approaches being used for better results The alternative way for population is the demographic traits that focus on the middle and upper middle class business professionals and young married couples. They will be helpful to know about the intrinsic identity attributes. These things should be based on target populations. The alternative sampling frame in case of Zest Sedan will be to list the clusters only. This is because it will include the middle class and upper middle class business professionals and the young married couples (Acharya et al. 2013). These are the people who have visited the showrooms very recently. This will be helpful in another aspect that it will not be needed to store the data and it is easy to use as well. There are many alternative ways in the sampling approach and the alternative way for the sampling approach for Tata Zest Sedan will be the stratified probability sampling approach. This is only because it offers certain advantages over the simple random sampling. This approach will be much in depth and cater to the purpose of sampling approach. Conclusion It can be concluded by saying that the target market and population alternatives have been described. The findings have been analyzed from different aspects. Other important things like the sampling frame and sampling approach have been discussed as well by linking it to the case of Zest Sedan. The research work has been carried out with an in depth analysis on the target population, sampling frame and sampling approach for Zest Sedan by Tata Motors. The strategies they can use for sell of their new product have been discussed here in this paper as well. The reasons for using the alternative target population; sampling frame and sampling approach have been addressed as well. References Aaker, D.A. and Biel, A., 2013.Brand equity advertising: advertising's role in building strong brands. Psychology Press. Acharya, A.S., Prakash, A., Saxena, P. and Nigam, A., 2013. Sampling: Why and how of it.Indian Journal of Medical Specialties,4(2), pp.330-333. Cheng, P., Man, P. and Yi, C.H., 2013. The impact of product market competition on earnings quality.Accounting Finance,53(1), pp.137-162. Ferrell, O.C. and Hartline, M., 2012.Marketing strategy, text and cases. Nelson Education. Howes, R., Skea, J. and Whelan, B., 2013.Clean and competitive: motivating environmental performance in industry. Routledge. Ishak, N.M. and Bakar, A.Y.A., 2014. Developing sampling frame for case study: challenges and conditions.World Journal of Education,4(3), p.29. Jahanshani, A.A., Hajizadeh, G.M.A., Mirdhamadi, S.A., Nawaser, K. and Khaksar, S.M.S., 2014. Study the effects of customer service and product quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Scholes, K., Angwin, D. and Regnr, P., 2013.Exploring strategy text cases(Vol. 10). Pearson. Lin, M., Tang, K. and Yao, X., 2013. Dynamic sampling approach to training neural networks for multiclass imbalance classification.IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems,24(4), pp.647-660. Robinson, O.C., 2014. Sampling in interview-based qualitative research: A theoretical and practical guide.Qualitative Research in Psychology,11(1), pp.25-41. Simms, A. and Gretzel, U., 2013. Planning a vacation using social media: Influences of demographic, psychographic, and trip-related characteristics.E-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR),4, pp.1-5. Sirianni, N.J., Bitner, M.J., Brown, S.W. and Mandel, N., 2013. Branded service encounters: Strategically aligning employee behavior with the brand positioning.Journal of Marketing,77(6), pp.108-123. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Tatamotors.com. (2017). Tata Motors Limited. [online] Available at: https://www.tatamotors.com/ [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Vanhamme, J., Lindgreen, A., Reast, J. and Van Popering, N., 2012. To do well by doing good: Improving corporate image through cause-related marketing.Journal of business ethics,109(3), pp.259-274. Wedel, M. and Kamakura, W.A., 2012.Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media.

The Beatles Essay Scaruffi Example For Students

The Beatles Essay Scaruffi The Beatles to this day are one of the most famous andpopular rock ‘n roll groups in the world. The Beatlesinclude George Harrison, John Lennon(1940-1980), PaulMcCartney, and Richard Starkey(Ringo Starr). All of theBeatles where born and raised in Liverpool, England. JohnLennon was considered the leader of the band. GeorgeHarrison was the lead guitarist. John Lennon was a songwriter, one of the two lead singers, and rhythm guitarist. Paul McCartney was a song writer, one of the two leadsingers, and a bassist. Ringo Starr played the drums. John Lennon’s first band was called the Quarrymen (namedafter his High School). None of the three Beatles were inthis band. Paul joined the group in 1957 and Harrisonjoined in 1958. They played with bass guitarist SutSutcliffe, and Pete Best, a drummer. Sutcliffe left in 1961and Ringo Starr joined the band. Pete Best was asked toleave the band on April 16, 1962. He was considered theBeatles undisputed sex symbol. The Beatles were discoveredon November 9, 1961 by Brian Epstein, a manager of a recordstore in Liverpool as well as an x British Army soldier. We will write a custom essay on The Beatles Scaruffi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Beatles first two song were â€Å"Love Me Do† andâ€Å"Please, Please Me.† The Beatles starred in two movies, â€Å"AHard Days Night,† and â€Å"Help.† They also had their own fulllength cartoon called â€Å"Yellow Submarine.† The movie â€Å"A HardDays Night† earned 1.3 million dollars in its first week. The Beatles early music was influenced by singers ChuckBerry and Elvis Presley. In November of 1963 the Beatles performed in front ofthe Queen of England. This was an incredible honor. By theend of 1963 the Beatles were the biggest music group inEngland. The Beatles came to New York City for the firsttime in 1964. They were an instant success.A couple ofweeks later after their New York appearance, the five bestselling records were by the Beatles. They became worldfamous by the end of 1964. Also in 1964 the song â€Å"I Want ToHold Your Hand† marked the beginning of â€Å"BEATLEMANIA.†The Beatles were unusual because most rock was strongbeat with no melody. The Beatles added melody to rock. TheBeatles also added strong and meaningful lyrics. John Lennonwrote a book called â€Å"In His Own Write.† The Beatles starteda new era of music. They wore their hair long and shaggy. This haircut was known as the Beatles haircut. All acrossthe world people started wearing their hair like theBeatles. John Lennon described the Beatles like this â€Å"When yousaid it, it was crawly things, when you read it, it was beatmusic.† The Beatles made their last stage appearancetogether in 1966. In 1967 the Beatles put together a masterpiece. The master piece was Sergeant Pepper’s Lonely HeartClub Band. The Beatles never had a chance to performSergeant Peppers Lonely Heart Club Band. Also in 1967 BrianEpstein, the manager of the Beatles, died. Also in 1967 theBeatles directed a movie, Magical Mystery Tour. The moviewas about themselves in which they toured the Englishcountryside in search of wonder, fun, and magic. In 1970 the world famous and world loved Beatlesseparated. Everybody was hoping to see the Beatles comeback together. That hope ended when the peace loving JohnLennon was killed outside his New York City apartment by 25year old Mark David Chapman.